Many nations acknowledge Columbus first stepped on the continent.Christopher Columbus became famous as the man who opened the American continent. In 1492 he sailed from Spain to the West Indies. But Columbus's voyage was not a trip for the first time carried out by the Americans. It is probable that before he set foot on land in the west, the Chinese, the Vikings, Ireland, and even the Phenicia have visited the beaches before. Thus arises the question, who exactly had discovered America. Investigations with carbon system found that at least twelve thousand years ago people lived in the Americas already. Now people believe that "outsiders" who first reached the continent is the Mongoloid (like the Mongols; has the characteristics of the Mongols, including the Mongolian race) from eastern Russia. They crossed into Alaska around forty thousand years ago, through a piece of the Bering Strait land bridge, which had long since ceased to exist. They then walked along the Pacific coast into the Central and South America.
A strange discovery, which puts human life in the Americas parallel to the mammoth ever found on the continent; occurred at a farm in Tepexpan, twenty miles north-east of Mexico City in 1950. Farmers Jose Cortes was digging a trench for a water channel when his shovel on something hard. When the land was set aside where he found the carcass of a mammoth that has become fossilized. When fossil was examined by experts paleontology Mexico, was found in a cavity in the ribs end weapons. It appears that the animal had been trapped into the mud and making a helpless prey to a group of hunters armed with spears and stone tools.
Simple tools made of stone and animal bones that may have come from the same culture, people have found in Siberia, Alaska, the Yukon River and Mexico. Thereby further strengthens the theory that people have been scattered into the Americas from Asia.
A question that the Chinese have discovered America in the year 458, was given not long ago by a professor at Peking University Shien Chu-chi. He said, a Buddhist monk, Hoen Shin, once sailed across the North Pacific ocean with four other monks and landed a spot on the coast of Central America, possibly in Mexico. Hoen Shin Fusang country's call, following the name of the mirib plants with plants in the country of China.
Austrian ethnology expert Robert von Heine Geldern step further. He assured the Chinese influence on the development of civilization in America about two hundred years BC. Indeed, the results of sculptures and statues in the ruins of the cities in America was the same as that used in Buddhism. China's oldest manuscript Shan Hai King from year 2250 BC contains a depiction of the canyon now well known as the Grand Canyon.
The possibility of crossing the Pacific Ocean to the even earlier than 2000 BC indicated by the discovery of pottery on the beach Valdivia Ecuador dating from 3000 BC. Pottery items that must have come from Japan, because decorated in the same way as the Jomon pottery area in the country.
Regarding next to the Atlantic coast is said that the monks of Ireland have visited North America around the sixth century. A Latin manuscript of the tenth century Navigatio Sancti Brendani recounts the journey of a character named St. Brendan. In the year 540 St. Brendan together a group of fourteen other monks embarked on a journey to find "the land that had been promised by the holy man". The manuscript contains a lot of the things that are very surprising and thought pious, so for many years considered as a collection of stories. He said, Brendan in his journey has been aided by a whale and led from time to time by the angels who appeared as a bird. But modern scientists found that the trip did happen, though perhaps not all of them led by Brendan.
According to the script Naviatio, Brendan who is an experienced sailor and navigator, is thought to have sailed to "yaaang country has promised to the saints" of Kerry; in a wood framed boat, but covered with the skin of the bull and greased with butter so opaque water. This group is rather to take the direction of the North and then met with a floating crystals. This may mean that they have met with huge icebergs and has sailed around Greenland and into the Davis strait known for floating ice. They passed through a thick foggy area, which is probably the scorched-footed Newfoundland, where the heat flow of the Gulf Stream currents meet with the north pole. This group met with whales and "big-eyed beast, has fangs, belly patches and bearded jaw". Could it be that this meant a mermaid? Before they reached the land of the sun radiates heat like in the spring. The meaning of this last one is Labrador.
Then Brendan and his companions landed on a flat island yagn tropical climate. The island is full of strange herbs, surrounded by water so clear and inhabited by birds are very beautiful and tiny people whose skin is dark. Brendan might have sailed south on the east side of North America without seeing land and arrive at an island in the Bahamas. People dwarf called Brendan probably the Arawak people, which is a native of the Bahamas islands.
Brendan and his group went on his way and find another country, which is full of charm, beautiful like a flower and full of blessing, which is now estimated is Florida area.
The whole story was hard to believe, because of the new written after the event through the centuries. Perhaps the story has a lot of plus-add. But the old story about the heroic people of ancient Scandinavian acknowledge that the Irish people have arrived in the US before.
Trip Vikings (bold Scandinavian pirates raiding coastal towns and ports European rivers between 700 and 900) to North America is now a fact of history that is not in doubt. The ancient Scandinavians traveling through Iceland and Greenland under the leadership of Leif Ericson, and reached the coast of North America in the year 1000. The story of the perilous journey across the sea to the land, the tale is told in ancient Scandinavia. Written in Iceland between 1320 and 1350. People pay less attention to this epic tale, until the time these stories are checked back in 1837. It turns out that the depiction of climate, geography and life in accordance with the original Vinland is located on the coast of New England in America East section. Recent discovery, found eight houses made of stone from the foundation, four houseboats, an iron workshop, holes and equipment for cooking at L'Anse aux Meadows. According to the method of age determination of carbon, are all derived from the Viking era. A strong reason to believe the story of Leif Ericson because most likely he founded the settlement on arrival in North America. These findings, according to Dr. Helge Ingstad of Norway who helped in the effort, said: "This fact has given the first Archaeological evidence of undeniable that the Europeans had come to America centuries before Columbus's voyage in 1492." But there is disagreement whether those the Vikings had been entered into the mainland or confine himself only to perjelajahan coastal areas only.
In 1898 a farmer whose land clearing in Kensington, Minnesota found a use within staggering. When he dug root of the tree, he found a sheet of square stone two and a half feet high and six inches thick. An article consisting of two hundred and twenty letters engraved on the surface and on one side. Allegedly writing was associated with a group that consists of thirty people of Norway and the Goths who are traveling to find something on the ground to the west of Vinland in 1862. In the article it is told about the carnage. In the event that ten members of the group were killed. Many experts have rejected as a hoax goods made in the nineteenth century. Others say it is genuine goods, and if the goods were counterfeit, the forgers must have exceptional knowledge in the fields of history, geology, and the dialect of ancient Scandinavia.
Viking Ship
Some scholars expressed the opinion that in Rwode Island Newport Tower is a building that established the Vikings. The tower round shape and height of twenty-four feet, he is a former church. Other people disagree and say that the building was the work of the Europeans who settled in America in the sixteenth century and seventeenth.
"Vinland Map" is a map of the world which he made by a Swiss monk in 1440, but this statement has been the subject of heated debate for years. Maps obtained Yale University in 1965, it clearly illustrates the location of Vinland in North America. Experts on both sides of the Atlantic have determined the age of the maps with the carbon system and claimed it for the genuine article. But lately some ink from American analysts who study the elements of the map that stated their belief that the map is a fake objects made in the twentieth century.
Meanwhile, a collection of stone megaliths in New Hampshire Telam cause of thought among archaeologists Americans lately; whether it came from the UK, or at least from the Celts. Retuntuhan it is located in a place, which is precisely called Miystery Hill or hill mister; consists of 22 stone cottages, walls, hallways and something that appears as a table to direct sound. Iron stone blocks of local origin giant upright because it is too heavy or stacked horizontally. Beam that one always seems a little more prominent than the others (corbelled Vaulating).
Thousands of man-made items from various periods of time and culture have been found at the site, including a number of inscribed stone. Its language is the language of Ogham, the ancient language of the Irish and Picts (those who in ancient times lived in the northern part of Great Britain). Dr Barry Fell and Harvard University have studied the stones for years and determine the stones came from circa 800 BC to the third century AD.
British historian, Ashe, visited the site in 1960 and said that it might have come from the days when Cronus (a character in Greek mythology, he is the master of the universe, until he was deposed by his son, Zeus). According to Homer, Cronus banished to the land where the sun never sets, which is located in the northwest of the Mediterranean Sea. In the Odyssey, written by Homer, Odysseus (the hero of the story written by Homer, Odyssey, he was a famous king of Ithaca wise and ingenious) sailed to the limits of the world away to the land of Commerian, an area filled with fog and darkness, which some interpreted as Newfoundland.
In an investigation conducted by the serious yagn fiction, Andre Norton, he argued that the results of his reflections Mystery Hill is perhaps the township people Phoenicia and Carthago (Phoenicia is a kingdom in the Mediterranean Sea in the east and Tunisia in North Africa is located near the city of Tunis that now. Carthago is one of the colony founded by people of Phoenicia).
In 335 BC, Aristotle in his list which contains 178 miracle, miracle number 84 calls as a country across the ocean by people Phoenicia strictly kept secret in the interest of trade. People Phoenicia without a doubt is the best sailors in the world in ancient times. They had been sailing around Africa and established trade networks that include places located far from each other, such as Africa, India, Cyprus, and Spain. Based on interpretations of texts of Plato and Diodorus, they also trade with America about the year 1000 BC.
