THOMAS JEFFERSON (1743-1826)

Thomas Jefferson, third President of the United States. He is the author of the Declaration of Independence. The person whose name is known, was born from the belly of his mother in 1743 in Shadwell, Virginia. His father? Certainly not the president nor any writer, but an investigator and also a successful farmer. As is usually a good father and not unconventional, he inherited a vast estate for the child. Jefferson studied at the College of William and Mary for two years, but somehow came out just before the title can be anything. After that he studied jurisprudence for several years and in 1767 he was placed in the judiciary Virginia. Jefferson seven years practicing law habit while wallowing in agriculture. At the same time he was also a member of "Burges" Virginia legislature.

The first important essay Jefferson A Summary View of the Rights of British America, on view in passing happenings rights of his American English. The essay was written in 1774. The following year he was elected a member of the Virginia delegation to attend the second Continental Congress, and in 1776 he began to make doodles draft the Declaration of Independence. At the end of the same year he returned to the Virginia legislature and play perananlah him there in terms of various important decisions regarding temporal changes a big problem. Two of his proposals is the Statute of Virginia for Religion Freedom and the Bill for the More General Diffusion of Knowledge. The first concerns the laws regarding religious freedom in Virginia and the second concerns the legislation concerning dissemination of knowledge in general. The second one is clearly related to the educational needs of society.

  Jefferson proposals regarding education, among others: the provision of basic education to everyone; the establishment of a government university for those who are gifted deserve higher education; a system of scholarships. Jefferson's education plan is not accepted by the state of Virginia at the time, although similar plans later implemented by other countries without exception.

Legislation concerning religious freedom is impressive even admirable because it contains religious tolerance and at the same firmness the separation between religion and state. (Previously, the Anglican Church is the official religion in Virginia). Indeed, there is opposition to Jefferson's proposal but ultimately approved also by the legislature Virginia (1786). A similar idea immediately approved the law on human rights by other states, and finally it was agreed in the United States Constitution itself.

Jefferson finished Governor of Virginia from 1779 until 1781. Then he "retired" from political life. During this period he wrote ngaso only his Notes on the State of Virginia, particulars of the state of Virginia. This book contains, among others Jefferson firm attitude and the bright of the anti-slavery. 1782 Jefferson's wife died ten years after marriage and children and six. Although the widower Jefferson still quite young, but she did not marry again after that.

Then he hastily stopped from ngasonya and immersed herself in Congress. There its about individual things currency division of the weight and size corner (this was before the plan metric system, which is assessed by the meter length, weight assessed by the gram, the content assessed by the liter and so on) is rejected. He also proposed the banning of slavery in the entire state, but this proposal was rejected for lack of a voice!


1784 Jefferson visited France on a diplomatic mission. Once there so he replaced Benjamin Franklin so the American ambassador to France. Five years he lived in France, known only she absent from political activity within the United States including when the constitution was drafted and approved. Jefferson welcomed the ratification of the constitution, and like the other leaders, he was absolutely convinced laws that guarantee human rights should be included in the constitution.

  Jefferson returned to the country in late 1789 and immediately appointed to korsi Minister of Foreign Affairs. In developing the cabinet forum fierce differences between Jefferson with Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton. They are different schools of political views.

On a national scale political supporters Hamilton joined to form the Federal Party, while Jefferson's political supporters joined to form the Democratic-Republican Party which later evolved into the Democratic Party that we know today.

1796 Jefferson become a candidate for President, but the second after John Adams. Under the provisions of the constitution in force at the time, by itself he only occupied the Vice President. New in 1800 he advanced again and he finished victorious defeating President John Adams.

As President, Jefferson moderate doing fine against the former political opponents, and thus instilling a culture of political tradition for the United States in subsequent periods. The peak of the peak of a legacy he gave during the presidential term is a step in the purchase of Louisiana, which resulted in making the United States is almost double the breadth. Louisiana Purchase may be a transfer of ownership of the largest area peacefully throughout history. This in turn makes the United States a large and powerful country in the world, Hence the term has significance far. Jefferson Suppose a charge of affairs that the Louisiana purchase, could so I put him over the top in the order of the list now. But, I believe, the French leader Napoleon Banaparte, in decision-making intricate steps and selling area to the United States is that most people grasp the role. Instead of Jefferson. If ever there was an American who had a major role in these transactions, it was not Jefferson, because Jefferson never had chimera purchased land so vast. Yang-closest is the US mission in Paris, Robert Livingstone and James Monroe were so smelt nice and profitable opportunity to negotiate the sale, he sped past diplomatic instructions available to him and engage in buy-sell agreement. (It is interesting that in the note posted on the tombstone, Jefferson did not include the purchase of Louisiana as one of the results of his achievements, but notes that he himself wrote).

Jefferson was re-elected as President in 1804, but in 1808 he berkeputusan not want to be president for a third time. Means he strengthened step ever taken by George Washington. Jefferson retired in 1809 and the only next step nature of government activities was to establish the University of Virginia (inaugurated in 1819). With so he could see part of the plan ever proposed in the new parliament despite realized Virginia forty-three years later. Jefferson died on July 4, 1826, on the fifth anniversary of the Declaration of Independence, after a journey filled with struggle --dan also kebahagiaan-- for more than eighty-three years. His talent in addition to a lot of political talent. He mastered five or six foreign languages, he serious enthusiasts natural sciences and mathematics, he was a successful farmer who wallow in the way of scientific agriculture. And also he is the producer of goods, an inventor although small in size and also a clever architect.

Due to the talent and personal qualities that are so prominent, often exaggerated the vote, beyond the actual effect she had had in history. If we want to accurately assess the significance, perhaps we should depart from the particulars of the Declaration of Independence, because the level planners considered it a great work Jefferson. First it should be noted the Declaration of Independence was not part of the legal government of the United States because of its importance lies in the fact that the declaration was a spontaneous outburst of American ideals. Moreover, the ideals contained therein are not original ideas, but most of Jefferson derived from the writings of John Locke. The Declaration of Independence is not a genuine philosophy of the original, and also does not meant that it is a concise statement of belief that has become a fad many Americans.

Nor is it because of the greatness of Jefferson in the preparation of sentences declaration that encourages Americans proclaimed its independence. The Revolutionary War was essentially broke the month April 1775 (more than a year before the Declaration of Independence) which stems from the battle of Lexington and Concord. In the months after the battle, the American colonies faced a critical decision: should they should be demanding immediate independence or have to compromise with the British government? In the spring of 1776, chose the first alternative passion grew stronger in the Continental Congress. Nor Jefferson but Richard Henry Lee of Virginia on June 7 officially proposed that colonized America declared itself independent from Britain. Congress took the decision to postpone the vote on the proposal of resolution Lee several weeks and formed a committee led by Jefferson to draw up a general statement of the reasons for declaring independence. (Other committee members wisely invited Jefferson drafted a declaration alone). Congress hears again shows resolution Lee on July 1 and the next day when the ballot proposal was accepted unanimously. In voting on July 2 that the critical decisions regarding the declaration of independence solved. New after it diterimalah draft resolution to be debated Jefferson arrangement. The resolution was received by Congress (with some changes) two days later, on July 4, 1776.

When the Declaration of Independence is considered not as important as people think generally, if there are other works that can be placed in a high position in this list? In a note on his tombstone, Jefferson mention two works which he hoped could be remembered. First, its role in relation to the establishment of the University of Virginia, although in fact it is not so decisive, is nonetheless not sufficient condition for its inclusion in the list of this order. Secondly, his work as a writer Statute of Virginia for Religions Freedom is capable of properly qualified and have meaning. Of course, the general notion of religious freedom has been coined by many famous philosophers before Jefferson, including John Locke and Voltaire. But the legislation is more advanced than the idea that recommended Locke. Furthermore, Jefferson an active politician who managed to realize his mind into the form of laws, and proposed Jefferson affect other states when they make laws concerning human rights.

It's tempting further question: to what extent the shares donated Jefferson in terms of the passage of legislation on the federal rights? Jefferson is representative of those who love the guarantee rights and indeed he was one of the intellectual leaders of the group. However, Jefferson was not in the country between 1784 until the end of 1789, so it certainly was not involved when the debate speech rights in difficult-difficult times ahead konstritusi convention. James Madison was the one who hold key roles and successfully amended through Congress. (Congress passed amendments to the September 25, 1789, before Jefferson returned to the United States).

It may be said, not an action step resini Jefferson, but his attitudes most in influencing the United States. But, still can doubt the extent to which the ideas of Jefferson accepted by the American people. The crowds were flattering name of Thomas Jefferson, supporting political wisdom, which is precisely contrary to the opinion of Jefferson himself. For example, Jefferson was convinced by what we now call "small government." A characteristic expression (derived from the inaugural address): "... that is a wise and economical administration that would prevent people from hurting others, which will provide flexibility freely adjust the desire of industry and improvement of life ..." Maybe Jefferson correct starting point, but elections in the past forty years show that his words did not convince the majority of Americans. The second example. Jefferson fiercely oppose the view that the final authority to interpret the Constitution lies in the hands of the Supreme Court, which could also thus unconstitutional a law that has been agreed despite Congress. Opinions of this kind, he thought, contrary to the principle of democratic pemeritahan.

But if people are too fascinated by the trees, he would lose the overall view of the forest. If people want to backtrack a little step and try to assess the Jefferson career in a larger scale, people will soon be able to see why Jefferson described as "a spokesman for the freedom of man who stands out."

Should Thomas Jefferson placed higher or lower than George Washington? American independence and democratic institutions established by the joint effort of people are full of ideas and the people who work hard. If both are equally important, I believe the general idea is the more important contribution factor. On the executive side, George Washington clearly plays a dominant role. Tribute to those who sparked the idea should --mau not want - divided among sejunilah people, including Americans like Jefferson and James Madison and the people of Europe such as John Locke, Voltaire and many others.

Relationship Ukraine and Russia before the outbreak of the USSR

Mid-1920s, the Soviet Union issued issued a new policy for the rejuvenation of agriculture Ukraine as a result of the world war. The Soviet regime was also introduced Ukrainisasi, ie as one of the policies that support the use of the Ukrainian language and the development of Ukrainian national culture. This is done to get the sympathy of the people of Ukraine. But the end of 1920 the Soviet leader, Joseph Stalin brutally deprive it of policies. The farmers have been squeezed and forced to hand over agricultural products. As a result, there was a terrible famine in Ukraine in 1932 and 1933 in which an estimated 5 to 7 million people died.

Ukraine and Russia have a very long history records. In terms of history, the Ukraine has a very important role as a country that gave birth to the Russian Empire in the 9th century so that Ukraine becomes "mascot" of the Tsar of Russia, until the time of the collapse due Bolsjweik Revolution of 1917. Ukraine itself was ruled by the Polish nation in the 16th century , until Russia finally came to give relief to the domination of Poland in 1648. Ukraine had enjoyed a period of independence from 1918 to 1919, then again taken over by the USSR and then declare the Republic of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union itself is a manifestation of the expansion and colonization of Russia for centuries, then Russia can be regarded as Big Brother (tyomnokrasnie), so that the degree of influence the values of Russia became dominant.


Ukrainian people feel that Russia has extended its expansion into Ukraine by the Soviet Union very large, resulting in Ukrainian culture in decline. Russian language became the main language and the language of Ukraine became marginalized. While the nuclear danger "Chernobyl" in 1986 helped build the overall dissatisfaction of the Ukrainian people against the Soviet Union imposed a shortage of soviet system. As a result, many emerging movements Front movement known as "Rukh", began voicing finally achieved independence in 1991.

Although Ukraine has gained its independence from the Soviet Union on August 24, 1991, Ukraine was still under the influence of Russia. In December 1991 the heads of government of Russia, Ukraine and Belorussia signed a pact that formally dissolved the Soviet Union and declared the establishment of the Commonwealth of Independent States countries (PNM), followed by all the countries of the former Soviet Union except the three Baltic states (Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania ) and Georgia4. This keeps the Ukraine remain in the organization with Russia, which indirectly Russian domination of the Ukraine are preserved.

History Theory According ARNOLD J. Toynbee

Once we recognize and know the opinions of the philosophers of the modern age as Vico, Hegel, Marx and Oswald Spengler, we will know again the famous philosophers who came from England that Arnold J. Toynbee. He is a British scholar who can electrify the world history with his essay entitled "A Study of History" comprising 12 volumes thick. The essay book was first published in 1933.

     In his book, Toynbee argued that his theory is based on research on 21 cultures were perfect and imperfect 9 cultures that exist throughout the world. For example, a perfect culture among Greeks, Romans, Maya (Central America), the Hindu, the West (Europe), Eastern Europe and so on. While imperfect, among others, Eskimo, Sparta, Polynesia, Turkey and so on.

     Based on the theory presented in his books, Arnold J. Toynbee concludes that in the history of motion there is no specific law that controls and regulates the sinking arise for certain cultures (Tamburaka, 1999: 65).

1. Shape Pattern / Rhythm Motion History
In looking at and determining pattern / rhythm of the movement of history, Arnold J. Toynbee compared the development / process with cultural history. According to Toynbee view, culture (civilization) is a form rather than the life of a whole class. Toynbee's opinion is similar to what is called by Oswald Spengler as culture and civilization.

According to Toynbee, the movement of history through the levels as follows:
a) The Genesis of civilization (birth culture)
A culture occurs and appears because of the challenges and answers (challenge and response) between man and nature. Nature as a human habitation, not always going to meet human needs. And humans will forever be complacent natural wealth without having to be processed and preserved. Nature will provide a challenge to man to give life experiences that will develop into a culture.
After giving a challenge to human nature, then any man would answer the challenges of nature, giving rise to a culture. In good nature, man seeks to establish a culture like India, Europe, China. Nature which has natural conditions such as climate accordance with the conditions of the human body, so that people can give birth to a culture that once was cultivated by the man himself as a civilization which can give a positive value for nature.

However, where the natural conditions are not good, people will not be able to establish a culture that would become a civilization. As the area that is too cold or too hot areas can not arise because of a culture hostile nature, so a busy man to survive without having to pay attention to culture what they can reveal and pass on to their offspring.

b) Growth of civilization (cultural development)
Of good natural conditions sehigga cause birth culture, the development of a culture, which is an event that is driven by a fraction of the parties that culture. The parties that culture is a group of people who become a society. A group of small amounts (minority) it creates a culture of the answers given and the challenges of nature, then imitated by most people (mayority). A minority cultures developed by the strong and can create a culture. A nkecil group (minority) Strong develop culture by spreading the culture and influence masyarrakat to emulate the culture that has been created minority.

c) Decline of civilization (cultural collapse)
Cultural development is grown by a powerful minority. If the minority has been able again to maintain the culture (weak) and lose their creativity, the challenges of nature can no longer be answered. Consequently, if such a situation already peaked, there will be a collapse that led to the destruction of culture as if lost in nature.
According to Toynbee, the collapse occurred in three waves period, namely:
1) cultural decline, caused by the loss of minority appeal to create a culture and lost its authority, the mayority no longer willing to follow the rules in the cultural minority (between minority and majority) broke and certainly shoots cultural life will disappear.
2) The destruction of culture, began to appear after the shoots of life was dead and stalled growth. After growth stalled then as if it freezes vitality and there exists a culture that no longer spirited. Toynbee call this period the petrification, manufacture or culture that has become stone, died and became fossilized.
3) The disappearance of the body when the culture is a culture that has become stone was destroyed later disappeared. (yamburuka, 1999: 66-67)

If we look at the opinion of the motion history Toynbee above it can be concluded that the movement of history in the view of Toynbee is a legal form Fatum-Cyklus in the form of a modern form. Because the view of Toynbee, not only pay attention to the motion of the historical process alone, but also pay attention to how early events and culture, then evolved and eventually retreated and lost. And also eyeing the time it takes culture to emerge, evolve, and retreat. This is evidenced in research Toynbee example of ancient Chinese culture-which explains, among Break Down (degenerate), disintegration (crushed), Dissolution (lost) a culture that does not take place rapidly extends the time period of 2000 years was called pembatuan period (petrification) .

2. Direction and Purpose Motion History
After seeing the historical forces that shaped pattern fatum-cylus law in the form of a modern form, which at the time of breakdown (degenerate) before the disintegration arise, often there is an attempt to stop the destruction. The effort was led by the great souls who act as if the Messiah. But the struggle was not successful.

An attempt was made to stop the collapse of a culture that might work is the replacement of all the cultural norms with norms of divinity. So with replacing it appeared that the history of motion direction and purpose in view Toynbee is the divine life.

The divine life which is the direction of history, with the aim to achieve perfection that is heading to the kingdom of God (according to the Protestant understanding) to know the will of God and form rather than the will of the history in order to better love God. And if we look from the view of Ibn Khaldun that determines the direction of the movement of history that is in the direction of progress and perfection. And when we connect between Toynbee and Ibn Khaldun's view, they both have the goal to head toward perfection with what makes a better human being according to the will of God.
As a result of research Toynbee is no definite legal and melelui certain circles which should be united. And Toynbee seeks to answer questions about the purpose of the movement of history is true philosopher is a historian educated in empirical studies and that is also based on a true religious beliefs (David Richardson, in Tamburata, 1999: 69)

3. Being Source Motion Drive The History
From the above explanation, from Toynbee view of the history of motion patterns and objectives, it is clear that the mover of the motion history according to Toynbee view is:
a. God, as creator of the universe and human
b. Nature, which gives the relationship and response to human
c. Humans, who acts as the creator of culture

God who is the creator of nature and man, the man knows the will and the manifestation of His will that be the goal of the individuals towards the divine life. God who dwells in His kingdom that wishes to make a human being perfect and better. It is the same with the teachings of Java, "Burghers Manunggaling Gusti", who wants to become a better man to be perfect and return to the Lord.

Nature as a living human being who gives a challenge, then man responded by creating a culture that is good for nature. Nature does not always give a good condition, but also give people who are not good, so that culture will not appear.

Man as the creator of culture which is the prime mover of the motion of history, because it is people who determine the direction and goals of the movement of history that exist in the human power to be a factor of the rise and fall of cultures which is a manifestation of the movement of history. So three interconnected drive can be an element of the movement of history.

Journal of a Switcher: browsing the net

Your best buddy has been nagging you for years and there it is... you finally decided to give this mac thingy a try. Believe me with time you will come to love your Mac. But at first it can be VERY difficult because most of us have been Microsoft Windows formatted for so long. Anyway one of the things I found most annoying was to build from scratch a new software library. Let me try to help you with what I found out there. This is a "to be continued" Journal of a Switcher:

• Browser : all you'll ever need is Firefox for mac or the built-in Safari. Google Chrome is not yet available for mac. Opera and others can be great alternatives just like under Windows. I'll use the space here to tell you about my Firefox experience. To be honest, I was a bit disappointed by Firefox 2.0 (don't worry this is nothing compared to my Internet Explorer 6 experience). I found it to crash often and more seriously to be a huge memory monger. Since I have Firefox 3.0 I am totally satisfied. I don't see anything really useful about the big talks nowadays about javascript speed. What I do see is the user friendliness of Firefox 3.0, most specially through all the plugins available out there. Here are the plugins I cant' live without:
• Firegestures : How did we do before ? I can't remember. I use mouse based navigation all the time. But most people I see using Firefox don't even know what it is.
• Adblock Plus : it's not when you install it that you see a real difference but when you remove it. You get so used to browse the net without annoying ads that you really believe internet is really like that... until you remove Adblock and rediscover how bad it has become.
• Tabmixplus: another thing I don't see people use often in Firefox is it's tab feature. Even though tabs are built into Firefox. I've seen a lot of people open as many Firefox windows as they need just as they use to do in the old Internet Explorer days. For those of you who didn't know (after all if everybody just assume that everybody knows... we're going nowhere) if you middle click on a web link while browsing on Firefox, it will open in a tab inside the same Firefox window and you can move between tabs easily. That said, eventhough the built-in tab feature is great, I always use Tabmixplus as a replacement for it's many time saving cool options. Check it out.
• Downthemall : another fine Firefox extension. Downthemall! is a download manager. With it you can fast download as it can split a large file into smaller pieces and download them concurrently, you can also stop and resume downloads, mass download selected files on a page etc. Great tool.
• Foxmarks : If you have more than one computer and care about having the same browsing experience, this is for you. Foxmarks can syncronize your bookmarks across as many Firefox and as many computers as you have. Even works cross platform between a Mac and a Pc. And you can also access you bookmarks at any time if you're not on your computer.

Of course, there are so many extensions (check here) out there that you can spend days testing them. Find the right ones for you.

                                                                                                         sumber: stuffforlife.blogspot.com

Digital camera shopping guide

If you want to buy a new digital camera, you will have the choice between approximately three types of cameras: a compact camera, a bridge camera and a reflex (or DSLR) camera. Which type of camera is best for you depends on what you intend to do with it and your budget. So let’s talk a little about each type:

    The compact digital camera type (sometimes called digicam or “point and shoot” cameras): this is certainly the most common type of digital camera there is. It is a camera for basic everyday use and it’s cheap. As there is a wide range of such cameras with very different features, it is very difficult to give a general definition. But let’s throw some general remarks. First, everyday manufacturers improve their cameras so even those “digicams” tend to become more and more sophisticated. But I guess a professional photographer would only reluctantly use one of those for at least these reasons: limited zoom capabilities, often no viewfinders (this is the place you put your eye to see what the camera sees and that existed before the digital screen almost every camera come with today), lots of automatic settings and lack of manual controls, weak non-interchangeable flash, non-interchangeable lens, only compressed image format saving type (often jpeg), no image stabilizer, etc. To be short, a compact camera is your usual point and shoot camera that you bring everywhere with you to shoot casual friends, party, vacation pics. Example (and correct me if I’m wrong): most of the Canon Powershot series, most of the Nikon Coolpix series (please give examples so that no manufacturer gets jealous), etc.

    The bridge digital camera type (also called prosumer camera): this type of camera is a mix between the above mentioned compact camera and a high-end reflex camera. It seems that the name bridge comes from the fact that they fill the gap between the world of consumer type compact cameras and professional type reflex cameras. Most modern bridge cameras seem to share more features with the reflex world than with the compact world. A very basic definition would be to say that a bridge is “like a reflex” except for the fact that you cannot interchange your lenses. But you have to be cautious with this definition. A more precise definition would be to say that a bridge camera lacks a “reflex mirror”. In a higher end reflex camera, what the camera sees is basically “projected” into the viewfinder though a set of mirrors and other optical pieces. Bridge and compact cameras use a different method for previewing what the camera sees that is called live-preview. Here what the camera sees through its lens is projected into the camera’s sensor and then electronically directed to the camera’s screen and/or an electronic viewfinder. One advantage of this type of previewing is that you can record short videos, what a reflex camera learnt only recently to do. One disadvantage is that this can be slow for some uses. Bridge cameras often have an image stabilizer (meaning something that can correct the fact that your hand shake when you take a picture), can shoot in compressed or raw (not always) format, has good optical zoom capabilities, more manual controls, etc. Many examples out there: Panasonic DMC-FZ8, Nikon Coolpix 8800, Canon PowerShot S3, etc.

    The digital single lens reflex camera type (also called reflex camera or DSLR): this camera type is generally a high-end, expert or professional type camera. As mentioned above, a DSLR has an optical preview method: what the camera sees is basically “projected” into the viewfinder though a set of mirrors and other optical pieces and produces a better quality preview than most electronic methods. A DSLR also has interchangeable lenses, meaning you can change your lens according to what you need to do. Most of the time DSLRs are sold without any lenses and you have to buy a compatible lens separately. Those cameras are the digital counterpart of film single lens reflex cameras. They have all the features of bridge cameras and more, offer manual settings for almost everything, and has most of the time a larger and better image sensor than the above types. But those cameras are usually expensive, especially if you have to buy a separate lenses. But nowadays you can find entry level DSLRs at “affordable” (meaning not 5000$) prices. Examples: Canon EOS 450D, Nikon D3, Pentax K20D, etc.

Hope this will help you sort things out. To be honest, there is more than three types of camera (particularly if you want a pro camera) out there but this is to remain accessible. I will recommend this excellent site www.dpreview.com for further information.

                                                                                                             source : stuffforlife.blogspot.com

FileZilla

FileZilla is a reliable software in the field of cross-platform FTP, FTPS and SFTP client with lots of useful features and an intuitive graphical user interface. Among others, the features of FileZilla include the following:

• easy to use
• Supports FTP, FTP over SSL / TLS (FTPS) and SSH File Transfer Protocol (SFTP)
• IPv6 support
• Available in many languages
• Supports resume and transfer of large files greater than 4GB
• Powerful Site Manager and transfer queue
• Bookmarks
• Drag & drop support
• Configurable transfer speed limit
• filename filter
•  Network configuration wizard
•  Edit files remotely
•  Hold-life
•  HTTP / 1.1, support SOCKS5 and FTP-Proxy

Download : Mediafire
Title: FileZilla 3.9.0.6
Filename: FileZilla_3.9.0.6_win32-setup.exe
File size: 5.84MB (6,126,536 bytes)
Requirements: Windows XP / Vista / Windows7 / XP64 / Vista64 / Windows7 64 / Windows8 / Windows8 64
Languages: Multiple languages
License: Open Source
Date added: October 27, 2014
Author: FileZilla
filezilla.sourceforge.net
Homepage: filezilla.sourceforge.net 

Through Tongue, Peek Diseases Allergies to Syphilis

Tongue which has a primary function as the sense of taste, it is also able to provide clues as to whether a person suffering from a particular disease. Types of diseases that can spy on the tongue even quite diverse, ranging from allergies, fever, headache, to syphilis.
 

A healthy tongue has a pink color, clean, and covered with papillae that contain the sense of taste or taste.

Tongue inflamed, red, black, or white, can indicate health problems such as thrush. While that looks swollen tongue is usually caused by an allergic reaction.

Meanwhile, tongue somewhat blackish and uneven color indicates the use of antibiotics, or uncontrolled fungal growth in HIV patients.

The existence of long lines on the surface of the tongue is generally a sign of a sexually transmitted disease, syphilis. If you have ulcers or sores on the tongue, beware of Crohns disease or gastrointestinal disease.

Lack of specific nutrients can also make the tongue changing conditions. Tongue that looks more "fleshy and soft" are your symptoms of vitamin B12 deficiency, iron or folic acid.

Small sores on the tongue, a bump, or unexplained bleeding, it could be a symptom of cancer.

Given the many signs of health problems that could be seen from the tongue, Indian researchers developed a diagnostic test kits through digital analysis of the patient's tongue.

The research team combines the symptoms of the disease with a digital analysis of the tongue to facilitate physicians detect disease. Digital image of the tongue that would indicate the presence of uneven color, texture, swelling, and other factors related to the disease.

Through this combination, can determine whether a patient suffering from the flu, bronchitis, throat infections, sinusitis, allergies, asthma, pulmonary edema, and food poisoning. In such a system could be detected at least 14 diseases. The tongue test is still being refined.
Sumber : www.kompas.com

Most Americans With HIV Don't Have It Under Control

Fewer than one-third of Americans living with HIV had the virus under control in 2011, with many either not receiving regular medical care or unaware they carry the virus, a new U.S. study finds.

The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention study estimates that 70 percent of the 1.2 million Americans living with HIV in 2011 did not have their virus under control, even though combination drug therapies can effectively suppress the virus before it can develop into full-blown AIDS.

A combination of indifference and lack of access to medical care appeared to outweigh ignorance as a driving factor in cases of uncontrolled HIV, researchers from the CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS reported Tuesday.

"For people living with HIV and AIDS, it's not enough to know -- you also have to go for health care," said CDC Director Dr. Tom Frieden at a Tuesday news briefing.

"For health care systems, it's not enough to diagnose patients," he added. "You have to take accountability and responsibility for every patient diagnosed in your health center, to provide them with the most sensitive, effective, culturally appropriate care so that they will get onto treatment, stay into treatment, live longer, live healthier, stay out of the hospital and not infect others."

When used consistently, antiretroviral medication can keep HIV controlled at very low levels in the body, allowing people with HIV to live longer, healthier lives, Frieden said.

Viral suppression also reduces the likelihood that patients will transmit HIV to others. Treatment has been shown to reduce sexual transmission of HIV by 96 percent, the CDC said, and U.S. clinical guidelines recommend that everyone diagnosed with HIV receive treatment.

Among the nearly 840,000 people who had not achieved viral suppression, researchers found that:

• 66 percent had been diagnosed but were not engaged in regular HIV care;
• 20 percent did not yet know they were infected;
• 4 percent were getting some care but weren't prescribed antiretroviral treatment;
• 10 percent were prescribed antiretroviral treatment but had not been able to fully suppress their HIV.

The study did not find statistically significant differences in viral suppression by race, ethnicity or gender, which is "encouraging," said Dr. Jonathan Mermin, director of the CDC's National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD and Tuberculosis Prevention.

But researchers did find that young adults are at greater risk of uncontrolled HIV, with only 13 percent of people age 18 to 24 having achieved viral suppression. "More than any other group, our young people are not getting the care they need," said Mermin, also speaking at the news briefing.

This is largely because young adults are less likely to have been diagnosed with HIV. Only half of those 18 to 24 with HIV have been diagnosed, compared with more than 90 percent of people 45 and older, the report said.

"To close the age gap in viral suppression, we will need to expand efforts to reach young adults with HIV testing," Mermin said.

Mermin said that accessing HIV care can be difficult, particularly for people who are impoverished or suffering from substance abuse problems.

But even people of means can find it hard to maintain HIV treatment, Frieden said.

"Taking treatment for an infection that may have no symptoms and that you need to take for life is not easy," he said. "That's why it's so important that services for people living with HIV be sensitive, easy to access and without financial barriers."

The CDC hopes to improve HIV diagnosis and treatment through efforts launched in 2010 as part of the National HIV/AIDS Strategy, said Dr. Eugene McCray, director of the CDC's Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, at the news briefing.

McCray said these efforts include innovative partnerships to make HIV testing simple, accessible and routine.

Additional efforts include programs to help health departments identify infected individuals who have fallen out of care. Public awareness campaigns about the importance of HIV testing and ongoing HIV treatment are also key, McCray said.

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